Art and Politics

Craftsmanship and Politics have gone connected at the hip since the primary cavern works of art had been drawn on cavern dividers. As the stone age men may have discovered through other individual cavern divider craftsmen just as their separate crowds, workmanship isn't simply limited to the individuals who extravagant themselves as specialists. The way that fine art †paying little heed to expectation and reason †might be seen in different way is sufficient to allow even the most novice of craftsmen into making a fine art that somebody some place may truly like.Hence the end that craftsmanship or visual feel, all the more especially for this situation, is emotional, offering truth to the maxim â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. Prominence, notwithstanding, and the force it holds over the majority, has a telling method of directing which the buyers â€Å"should† support. This control is then utilized for additional control of buyer full of feeling cho ices of which the people pulling the strings benefit from. This is the reason there will in general be a pattern of â€Å"Art politics† that apparently orders the flavor of individuals, bringing about the conviction that incredible craftsmanship originates from the creation of the elite.One would rush to excuse Annie Leonard’s finish of American culture and works on influencing those of the way of life and practices of the southern side of the equator as strange however there are sure focuses wherein there discoveries are believed to be valid, most particularly with the not exactly created nations of which the United States of America hold key compelling forces on utilization and culture. The other significant players, then again will in general have a fairly hindered social and business advancement as the American patterns keep on influencing them.This anyway doesn't simply maintain the southern side of the equator, as the United States of America’s impact hold s solid in numerous different nations north of the equator. Writer James Oppenheim’s structure Bread and Roses, for instance, depicts the battle for the perfect (roses) and the genuine (bread), of which the nations affected by the United States experience the ill effects of. As opposed to seeking after the improvement of their way of life, they are left to organize self-safeguarding.

The Basics of Mental Retardation essays

The Basics of Mental Retardation articles There are numerous schools that administration kids with formative incapacities. As a custom curriculum instructor, I will have the benefit to show those youngsters needing assistance. That help could be in regions, for example, perusing, composing, and the capacity to fathom. Those are the necessities that are expected to show unique needs kids. In this examination paper, I have inquired about two issue that influence younger students: mental impediment and cerebral paralysis. Mental hindrance is basic in the United States, and for the most part in schools youngsters. I have worked with kids who were intellectually hindered and simultaneously had cerebral paralysis. Cerebral paralysis is additionally another basic issue that influences younger students in the homerooms. What are formative incapacities? Formative incapacities are a various gathering of extreme interminable conditions that are because of mental or potentially physical weaknesses. Individuals with formative inabilities have issues with significant life exercises, for example, language, portability, learning, self improvement, and free living. Formative handicaps start whenever during advancement as long as 22 years old and normally last all through a people lifetime. Mental impediment is portrayed both by a fundamentally beneath normal score on a trial of mental capacity or insight and by constraints in the capacity to work in zones of day by day life, for example, correspondence, self-care, and getting along in social circumstances and school exercises. Mental impediment is at times alluded to as a subjective or scholarly handicap. Kids with mental impediment can and do learn new abilities, however they grow more gradually than kids with normal insight and versatile aptitudes. There are various degrees of mental impediment, running from mellow to significant. An individual's degree of mental impediment can be characterized by their (IQ), or by the sorts and measure of help they nee ... <!

How to Write a Good Persuasive Essay

How to Write a Good Persuasive EssayIf you are looking for information on how to write a good persuasive essay, then read this article. It can be a difficult task and many students and professors try to simplify the entire process in order to help them understand the subject matter.It is possible to write a persuasive essay without having to write it all out. What you do need to understand is that you are just going to outline the subject of the essay. So as to help you understand how to write a good persuasive essay, here are a few suggestions.You must understand what the term 'convincing argument' means before you begin to write a persuasive essay. You will need to learn that this is not an opinion piece. This is not going to be the place where you are going to freely express your personal opinion. This is not the place to show off how much you know about the subject or the person you are writing about.When you write a persuasive essay, you will want to try and frame your argument. When framing your argument, you need to understand that you will want to use the best words that will bring your message across to the reader. You should also be careful not to use the same words over again. You are better off using different words in each paragraph of the essay than repeating words.Your argument is not just going to be the number of words in it, but the word count is very important. So make sure that you do not write out a lot of long sentences. You will be better off using short, concise paragraphs instead.There are certain words that you will want to avoid using when writing an essay. These words include: true, real, and factual. You do not want to use these words in any form. They are going to be considered as 'gimmicks'.Make sure that you are careful not to use strong metaphors or cliches when you are writing a persuasive essay. As a writer, you want to be able to write with style and to create a complex sense of words. You should only use cliches when you hav e a strong reason for using it and when you are sure that the reader will understand it.To help you learn how to write a persuasive essay, you will need to understand that the essay that you are going to write should not be too technical or too dry. You should not use very specific language that may take away from the impression that you are trying to convey. While you want to be clear and direct, you do not want to be overbearing either.

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 771 Words

bbI walked down to the beach by myself along side of a desolate road. The wind tossed the palm trees and my long hair in every direction. The sun was setting and the sky turned sort of a pink and lavender color which reminded me of my mother. Pebbles on the ground tickled the bottoms of my bare feet as I pondered about her. How her favorite color was lavender, how her hair always smelled like the pink tropical flowers in our front yard, how she always smiled and appreciated the rain for its beauty (even if it meant we couldn’t go surfing), she had dark olive skin with freckles across her nose and top of her cheekbones. Green eyes and a beautiful wide smile that always appeared to be on her face even when times were rough. I didn’t really look my mom, I had freckles like her but my face structure was totally different. Actually I looked like no one in my family. In fact, at family gatherings and reunions I was often asked if I was a good family friend. Even if people th ought I looked a little bit like my mom (because of the freckles) they wouldn’t tell me because they were constantly trying to avoid an awkward conversation. I don’t like those kind of people, who are afraid to say how they feel or afraid of what others might think of them. Just say what you feel because one day youÅ•e going to regret how much you cared. Nami and Kai drove up next to me in Nami’s topless jeep. â€Å"Are you going to Caden’s party?† Kai asked me â€Å"Ya everyone is going, it’s going to be huge!†Show MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words   |  5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone paveme nt as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pedestrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words   |  4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David .,He replied. We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Wor ds   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Dress Codes And Sexual Violence - 1109 Words

Dress codes can be found in a majority of schools approving of sexual violence through dress. Dress codes also prioritize a boy’s education, and show a lack of gender equality. School administrators believe they have the right to dictate what students can wear. Students should not be forced to follow dress codes at schools; therefore, schools do not have the right to mandate what students can wear. By having a female student be spoken to for wearing â€Å"inappropriate clothing†, but turning a blind eye to male students’ behaviour, it infers to the other male students that sexual violence is acceptable, and it is the victim’s fault. In an article written by Greg Hardesty, he said â€Å"When a school takes the decision to police female students bodies while turning a blind eye to boys behavior, it sets up a lifelong assumption that sexual violence is inevitable and victims are partially responsible. Students are being groomed to perpetuate the rape cultu re narrative that sits at the very heart of our society s sexual violence crisis.† In this quote, Hardesty is explaining how turning a blind eye to the crude behaviour of the boys in the class is in a way accepting sexual violence as an acceptable action. When a female student comes into a classroom on a hot day wearing a tank top, shorts, and sandals, she would be gawked at by the male students in the class and spoken with by her teachers for exposing her skin. But if a boy walks in wearing the same thing; tank top, shorts,Show MoreRelatedDress Codes And The School System959 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral altercations have occurred in today’s decade with dress codes in schools. Girls are being called out of the classroom in the middle of a lesson and even slut shammed by teachers and administration. Dress codes have gone from a way to keep children safe from gang-related violence and bullying from peers, to sexist comments and unfair punishments. Even though dress codes provide structure in schools, dress codes can provoke sexism and cause low self-esteem. Fashion changes every decade alongRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1431 Words   |  6 Pages A typical misconception is that ethics and legality are synonymous; however, not all unethical action is illegal and can typically be controlled within an organization. The following program will help to establish and clarify a basis for a proper code of ethics for this organization. Ethics are important because it helps to define and strengthen the culture of an organization. The culture of an organization is vital for providing quality goods and services, which determines the sustainabilityRead MoreThe Correlation Between School Uniforms and Violence Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesof school uniforms leading to an up rise of violence between children in public schools? According to the National School Safety Center’s Report on School Associated Violent Deaths, â€Å"Since the 1992-1993 school year, two-hundred seven were shooting victims† (Kelly n pag). According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), â€Å"10% of all public schools had one or more serious violent crimes (murder, rape, sexual battery, suicide, physical attack or fight withRead MoreSocialization And Discrimination Of Gender Within Our Education System1738 Words   |  7 Pagesof sexualization occurs when an individualâ€⠄¢s value and worth come solely from his or her sexual appeal or potential, one is objectified or regarded as an item for another’s sexual use, an individual is held to a narrow standard that equates attractiveness with sexiness, or sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon an individual† (Moloney Pelehach, 2014). Most high schools have the â€Å"dress code†. Dress codes are enforced throughout secondary educational institutions to â€Å"keep a sense of professionalism†Read MoreSchool Dress Codes814 Words   |  4 PagesSchool dress codes have been a prominent topic of discussion the past few years. Largely, young girls and some school board members are fighting against these sexist codes that govern schools across the world today. Dress codes target young women by stating they should dress appropriately so they do not distract the male students. This leads to men thinking it’s acceptable to disrespect women, and also women feeling like what they wear is more important than their academics. This results in a numberRead MoreIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I argue that while sexual violence is arguably the monopoly of men, it is culturally cultivated rather than biologically determined. Consistent with the concept of Hegemonic Masculinity which theorises male domination of other males and subordination of females (Connell, 2005), I assert that rape is particularly rampant in societies where sexual violence is an effective means of attaining this status quo. Thus when rape is institutionalised in the context of war whereRead MoreThe Importance Of Rape1389 Words   |  6 PagesConsidered one of the most heinous crimes—rape. Rape is so widespread in our society it has morphed into a culture. Rape culture refers to the normalization of sexual violence. Unfortunately, the beliefs and attitudes of society have led to the perpetuation of rape culture. Some consider the idea of rape culture ridiculous and an overstatement. Sadly, it is not. Consequently, rape culture is so ingrained in our society that we rarely notice it. It is there every time the victim gets blamedRead MoreWhy Women Should Not Wear1240 Words   |  5 Pagespunished emotionally and physically for what piece of fabric they decide to put on their bodies, and it is time for that to end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an article entitled â€Å"You Dress According To Their Rules† by the Human Rights Watch Organization in 2010, violence against women regarding their fashion and how it defied â€Å"compulsory Islamic dress code† skyrocketed in Chechnya. One summer day, a woman named Louiza was walking down a street, chatting with her friend. They were dressed in shirts with sleeves to theRead MoreGender Discrimination And Its Effects On Children s Behavior And Personality1508 Words   |  7 PagesMost people have either experienced or seen sexual discrimination in the learning environment. This is because schools are teaching sexism in classes through textbooks that do not give historical female figures enough credit for their accomplishments, dress codes that punish girls for their body’s at the risk of the male education, and gender stereotypes placed in schools that have a strong influence on children s behavior and personality. Some may argue against this claim by arguing that womenRead MoreSchool Uniforms And School Schools1715 Words   |  7 Pagesis that they reduce violence, egregious behavior, and bullying in the schools. Uniforms also lower victimization, decrease gang activity and fights, and also help with differentiating strangers in the school from the students in the school building (Brunsma). Uniforms lower suspension rates and they also decrease substance abuse among the schools (Brunsma). Beth Asaff found the U.S Department of Education says that the mandatory use of uniforms or dress codes reduces violence in schools. This is

General H. Norman Schwarzkops Involvement in the Conflict...

In 1990, the U.S. found itself in the middle of a conflict between Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq invaded Kuwait and took over the country and was threatening the world’s oil economy. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf is the Commander in Chief of the United States Army Central Command, CENTCOM, at the time and is about to make his mark in military history. GEN Schwarzkopf along with GEN Colin Powell will become the newest military commanders to lead the U.S. military into battle. This conflict will go down in history as one of the fastest battles of all times. This will also bring to end the career of one of the U.S. military’s greatest leaders. On August 22, 1934, Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr. was born in Trenton, New Jersey to Herbert†¦show more content†¦In 1971 now Colonel Schwarzkopf returned to the United States. The Army sent him out to talk to civilian groups about the war. Schwarzkopf was shocked at the depth of public hostility to the war and to the military. He came to believe that the government had embarked on a military venture with unclear objectives, no support from the public and a confused strategy that made victory impossible. For a time, he considered leaving the service, but determined that he would stay, and that any war fought under his command would be conducted very differently. Over the next 20 years, Schwarzkopf worked his way up the ranks, alternating between administrative positions in Washington, and command assignments with infantry divisions throughout the U.S. and Germany. In 1988 Schwarzkopf was promoted to General and was assigned as Commander in Chief of CENTCOM, located at McDill Air Force Base. CENTCOM is responsible for operations in the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. In his capacity as commander, Schwarzkopf prepared a detailed plan for the defense of the oil fields of the Persian Gulf against a hypothetical invasion by Iraq. Within months, Iraq invaded Kuwait, and Schwarzkopf’s plan h ad an immediate practical application. In August 1990 Iraq Invaded Kuwait and took over the country. The United States was tasked with defending Saudi

Huckleberry Finn (1559 words) Essay Example For Students

Huckleberry Finn (1559 words) Essay Huckleberry FinnMark TwainThe esteemed, American author, Samuel L. Clemens, better known as Mark Twain, was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 and passed away on April 21, 1910. In 1864 Samuel Clemens adopted the pen name â€Å"Mark Twain,† which is a river pilot’s phrase that means two fathoms deep. When Mark was younger he loved to travel, indulging an irrepressible spirit of adventure. Plumbing his exciting life experiences, Mark Twain created the characters and plots of books which have become classic American Novels. The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnIn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain tells the story of an adolescent boy travelling down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck has staged his death in order to escape his abusive, drunken father and hooks up with his foster mother’s escaped slave. During the adventurous journey Huck discovers many problems with society and civilization as he encounters a variety of individuals, each of whom represent a different problem with the current social order. The pair gets caught up in various ordeals involving the people they encounter. The running theme throughout the book is Huck Finn’s continuing struggle with his conscience concerning his relationship with the runaway slave, Jim, who has grown to be his friend and parent figure. The plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn involves the adventures of Huck and Jim who are on the run. Huck is escaping his drunkard father and Jim is avoiding his proposed sale. Together they are rafting down the Mississippi River, away from civilization and society. Huck has just recently come under the care of his Christian foster mother, the Widow Douglas, who is working to undo his sinful ways and train him in a religious lifestyle. Now, as Huck grows in friendship with the black slave Jim, and they become mutual companions and guardians, he is faced with a moral dilemma. Should he betray Jim’s trust by turning him in to his rightful and legal owner or must he follow his gut feeling that he must help Jim to achieve his personal goal to acquire his freedom, even if this illegal cooperation and stealing of people’s property sentences Huck to an eternity in Hell. Huck thinks to himself, â€Å"I begun to get it through my head that he was most free and who was to blame for it? Why me. †¦. What had poor Miss Watson done to you†¦ that you could treat her so mean?† Huck is filled with guilt and loses sleep over worrying about what he has done. Huck has an opportunity in Chapter XVI to turn Jim in to a bounty hunter but he cannot go through with it and rather saves Jim by lying to the man to keep him at bay. Later, in chapter XXXI, Huck decides to write a letter to Miss Watson, divulging the whereabouts of her slave and even informing her that he, Huck, is not really dead. Although the process of writing the letter makes Huck feels cleansed of sin, he realizes that Jim, being a good person and a true friend, deserves Huck’s loyalty. The moral decision is to help Jim to freedom, even if it means committing sin. â€Å" I was a trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘All right, then, I’ll g o to hell’ † . From here on, Huck settles his struggle with his conscience. The narrator and protagonist of the novel is Huckleberry Finn. It is evident that during the course of the book Huck matures greatly. At the start of the book he is a juvenile delinquent who likes to hang out with his fellow mischievous friends, especially Tom Sawyer. He is wild and carefree, playing jokes on people and believing all his pranks to be hilarious. Huck has recently moved in with his foster mother, the Widow Douglas, who is instrumental in his partial reformation. Under her care Huck is learning good manners and Christian teachings. Formal schooling is making Huck literate. Although Huck is growing accustomed to his new environment, he still strains against its restrictions. When Huck’s drunken father returns to kidnap Huck and plot to steal his money, Huck is forced to abandon his new family and society by staging his own death and escaping to Jackson’s Island and eventually down river. When his adventures grow to involve moral questions never before raise d, he is forced to confront his feelings and contemplate his thoughts in order to formulate personally held views of right and wrong. Huck grows to reject the values that society has tried to instil in him. Throughout the course of the novel Huck matures as he meets a variety of people and lives a variety of adventures. He learns how to deal with people and situations and comes to his own understandings. The person who most helps Huck to mature is Jim. At the opening of the book Huck sees Jim as only a lowly slave who possesses no sense or intelligence. However, Huck only thinks this way because this is what society believes and what it teaches its adherents. As Huck gets to know Jim better, he realizes that Jim is more than the stereotypical slave and feelings of friendship and loyalty grow. Huck feels that it is his civil and Christian duty to return Jim to his owner. Concurrently he realizes that Jim is an equal, a friend, and a decent human being. In the end, Huck’s perso nal values overrule those of larger society. Huck accepts that, living within the parameters of Christian society, he will be punished in the after-life for helping Jim to freedom. Nevertheless, it is a price he is ready to pay in order to do what is, to his understanding, the right thing. Even though Huck still plays jokes on people, he feels guilty about playing with their minds. For example, when Huck gets separated from Jim in the fog, Huck tells Jim he dreamt the whole horrible incident, and that Huck was there beside him the whole time. Once the truth comes out, Jim responds by saying, â€Å" En all you wuz thinkin’ ‘bout wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim wid a lie. Dat ruck dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts dirt on de head er dey fren’s en makes ‘em ashamed.† Huck feels so ashamed that he humbles himself and apologizes to Jim, an unheard of behaviour towards a black slave. Still Huck says, â€Å"But I done it, and I war n’t ever sorry for it afterwards, neither.† Jim helps Huck to learn decent values and human trust. The Duke and the King make Huck realize that a life of thievery and con-artistry hurts other people. At the beginning of the novel, Huck is excited at the prospect of stealing money from people, although these antics are wholly in the imagination of Tom Sawyer. However, when the Duke and the King try to steal the inheritance from the Wilk girls, Huck feels so guilty that he helps the girls to keep their money. From Huck’s short stay at the Grangefords’, he learns the strong emotions of hate, love, and sorrow. He also learns through the death of Buck, a boy his own age, that life is fragile and feuds and vengeance are terrible things. All the people and adventures that Huck encounters, help him to become the mature and responsible young man he is at the end of the book. .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .postImageUrl , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:hover , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:visited , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:active { border:0!important; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:active , .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723 .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uccc9869f9f2054f9ccdeb789e2a97723:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Desertification EssayIn conclusion, the people and events that Huck contends with on his life journey, change his life and the ways he understands life. At the beginning of the book, Huck is a rowdy, young, southern boy who has very little respect for slaves or discipline, and thinks with the â€Å"immortality of youth.† By the end of the book, Huck respects humanity, black and white, because of his friendship with Jim; he upholds human life because of his brushes with death; he has an internalized set of moral values because he has seen the results of moral and immoral lifestyles; and he feels responsible for his behaviour whether or not it meshes with the mores of his milieu. He has matured significantly from the beginning to the end of the novel. Personal ResponseReading The Adventures of Hucklebery Finn has been a worthwhile experience. It introduced me to a more mature and complex writing style. Huck’s adventures and the diversity of the people he meets make for a captivating plot. However, the societal attitudes toward black slaves and the stereotyping of blacks as gullible, simple, and superstitious is bothersome. The book also plays up the stupidity and narrow-mindedness of the ‘civilized’ white people. Mark Twain’s humour is witty and intelligent. Overall I think the process was very effective. Surprisingly, I had some difficulty finding information on my book, but overall I found sufficient content. There was adequate time to complete the ISP. The class work periods were useful for accomplishing serious work. Overall I worked 28 hours and 10 minutes and my ISP contains 1310 words. Book Reports

The Critical Role Of Information Systems Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Critical Role of Information Systems Today s information systems are both proficient and societal in nature. Management must understand the importance of information within the organisation. It is direction s occupation to understand how information is collected, processed, and distributed. We are all highly affected by information systems and must be willing to understand and work with them. Our planetary economic system does non let us to depend on face to confront minutess like in the 1980 s. Today, few directors can disregard the importance and impact of how information is handled by their organisation. Information systems play a critical function in today s concern organisation and society ( Laudon 5 ) . Since the outgrowth of the planetary economic system, the success of houses today and in the hereafter depends on their ability to run globally. The American economic system depends on imports and exports. Foreign trade, both imports and exports histories for a small over 25 per centum of goods and services produced in the United States, and even more in states like Japan and Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on The Critical Role Of Information Systems Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This per centum is presently and will go on to turn in the hereafter ( 5 ) . Globalization of the universe s industrial economic systems greatly enhances the value of information to the house and offers new chances to concerns. Today, information systems provide the communicating and analytic power that houses need to carry on trades and manage concerns on a planetary graduated table. Globalization and information engineering besides brings new menaces to domestic concern houses. This is brought on by the client s ability to shop in a world-wide market place, obtaining the monetary value and quality information faithfully, 24 hours a twenty-four hours. The worldwide market topographic point brings competition to a higher degree than of all time before, coercing all concerns to play a portion in this planetary economic system. In order to go a profitable participant in a world-wide market houses, need powerful information and communicating systems ( 5 ) . Many states are sing the 3rd economic revolution. These states include the United States, Japan, Germany and other major industrial powers. This revolution, which is now in advancement, is transforming itself into a cognition and information based service economic system. This revolution began at the bend of the century and by 1976 the figure of white-collar workers employed in offices surpassed the figure of farm workers, service workers, and blue-collar workers employed in fabrication. Today, most people no longer work in farms or mills, but alternatively are found in gross revenues, instruction, wellness attention, Bankss, insurance houses, computing machine engineering, and jurisprudence houses. In add-on, they provide concern services like copying, computing machine package, or bringings. These occupations chiefly involve working with, administering, or making new cognition and information. In fact, cognition and information Fieldss now account for 75 per centum of the American gross national merchandise ( GNP ) , and about 70 per centum of the labour force ( 7 ) . In a cognition and information based economic system, information engineering and systems take on great importance. For case, information engineering constitutes for more than 70 per centum of the invested capital in service industries like finance, insurance, and existent estate. This means that directors determinations about information engineering will be the most common investing determination ( 7 ) . Productiveness of employees depends greatly on the quality of information systems functioning them. Management determinations about information engineering are critically of import to the endurance of a house. See besides that the turning power of information engineering makes possible new services of great economic value. See that recognition cards, nightlong bundle bringing, and world-wide reserve systems are illustrations of services that are based on new information engineerings. Information systems have many utilizations. They non merely assist you track stock list but besides help you make determinations on where to open another shop and aid in calculating how much money it will be to keep it ( 7 ) . There are six major types of information systems. The first is the Executive Support Systems ( ESS ) . This is a strategic degree system that allows senior directors to undertake and turn to five-year tendencies, runing programs, budget prediction, net income planing, and manpower planning. The 2nd is Management Information Systems ( MIS ) . This is a direction system and is directed at in-between directors in helping them make determinations on gross revenues direction, stock list control, one-year budgeting, and capital investing analysis. Another direction degree system is the Decision Support System ( DSS ) and is besides directed at in-between directors. This system is directed for the directors that are crippled by their, Paralysis of Analysis. The 4th and 5th, are knowledge degree systems called Knowledge Work Systems ( KWS ) and Office Automation Systems ( OAS ) directed at cognition and information workers. The KWS is a system that assists extremely educated professional and proficient staff. This system is used as technology, artworks, and managerial workstations. The OAS is used for word processing, image storage, and electronic calendars. This system is directed toward clerical workers. The last system is an operational degree system called Transaction Processing Systems ( TPS ) directed towards operational forces and supervisors. This system has many utilizations. The TPS is used for order trailing, order processing, machine control, works programming, material motion control, securities trading, hard currency direction, paysheet, histories collectible, histories receivable, compensation, Training and development, and employee recordkeeping. There are many illustrations of how information systems non merely profit T he investor but besides the client ( 19 ) . For illustration, UPS competes globally with information engineering. UPS delivers over three billion bundles a twenty-four hours to more than 185 states. All this would non be possible without an accurate information system. UPS has invested 1 to 1.8 billion dollars on information engineering entirely from 1992 to 1996. This engineering has helped UPS hike client service while maintaining costs low and streamlining its overall operations. UPS does this by utilizing a handheld computing machine called a Delivery Information Acquisition Device ( DIAD ) . UPS drivers automatically capture clients signatures along with pickup, bringing, and timecard information on these computing machines. These computing machines are so placed into an arranger attached to each UPS truck. The arrangers so transmit to the chief UPS computing machine web through cellular entree. From the chief computing machine web any information can be accessed ( Wilson ) . Through TotalTrack, its machine-controlled bundle tracking system, UPS can supervise bundles throughout the bringing procedure. Throughout the procedure, bundles are scanned at each halt utilizing saloon codifications. The information is so fed into a cardinal computing machine. This allows the clients to seek for any bundle utilizing a bundle tracking package supplied by UPS. Soon anyone can happen out the position of his or her bundle by accessing the UPS web site. It is easy to see how information systems have helped UPS win ( Wilson ) . Another illustration on the critical function of information systems is Baxter International s stockless stock list and ordination system. This is an information system that locks in clients and satisfaction. Participating infirmaries become unwilling to exchange to another provider because of the system s convenience and low cost. Baxter Healthcare International Inc. supplies about two-thirds of all merchandises used by United States infirmaries. It uses an information system originally developed by American Hospital Supply Corporation. Buying this system has made Baxter a full line provider for all infirmary demands ( Removing the Warehouse ) . Baxter has gone one measure farther by giving all the purchasers a computing machine to link straight to their chief web. Customers no longer hold to name to put an order, all that is required is to utilize the on-site computing machine to see and order from the catalog. The system generates transporting, charge, invoicing, and stock list information. In add-on, the on site computing machines provide clients with an estimated clip of bringing. Because Baxter has over 80 distribution centres in the U.S. , clients frequently receive orders within hours of puting the order ( Removing the Warehouse ) . The system used by Baxter is similar to the just-in-time bringing systems developed in Japan and now being used in the American car industry. Baxter has even gone one measure farther by extinguishing the demand for bringing forces to drop off their carts at the lading dock, which is so placed in a infirmary storage room. Alternatively, they deliver orders straight to the infirmary corridors, dropping them at nursing Stationss, runing suites, and stock cupboards. This basically has created a stockless stock list since Baxter serves as the infirmaries warehouse. A stockless stock list greatly reduces the infirmaries need for storage infinite and forces. It besides lowers keeping and managing costs significantly. This is a better system than the just-in-time stock list method because under the other systems, storage is required, but under the stockless stock list system, it eliminates stock lists wholly. The most of import portion of the stockless stock list is the information system th at allows all minutess to go on at the touch of a key ( Removing the Warehouse ) . A concluding illustration on how information systems benefit big houses by lower costs and leting them to present merchandises and services at lower cost is Wal-Mart. By maintaining monetary values low and shelves good stocked, Wal-Mart utilizations an outstanding stock list refilling system triggered by point-of-sale purchases. This is considered the best system in the industry. This uninterrupted refilling system sends orders to providers every bit shortly as the merchandise is purchased by the client at the registry. Point-of-sale terminuss record the saloon codification of each point go throughing the check-out procedure counter and sends a purchase dealing straight to a cardinal computing machine at Wal-Mart Headquarters. The computing machine collects orders from all of the Wal-Mart shops and transmits them to providers. Because this system allows them to refill stock list really fast, Wal-Mart does non pass every bit much money on stock pilling stock list as its rivals. Wal-Ma rt lone spends 15 per centum of gross revenues in operating expense while Sears spends 30 per centum and Kmart spends 21 per centum. Again, this is merely possible because of the usage of information systems. As you can see information systems are far more than merely input, procedure, and end product machines. Directors and society must understand that these systems provide solutions to concern challenges and must be willing to alter with the new engineering. Information systems can assist in the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours undertaking at work and at place. We no longer have to depend on merely one house or corporation to purchase stuff we need. We can shop the planetary market 24 hours a twenty-four hours to happen the best monetary value and quality. With the increased planetary competition, companies will hold to utilize information systems in order to last in today s market topographic point. Work Cited Laudon, Kenneth C. , and Jane P. Laudon. Management Information Systems. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1996 Removing the Warehouse from Cost-Conscious Hospitals. New York: Timess, 1991 Wilson, Linda. Stand and Deliver. Information Week April. 1992

The organisation of the sales force

The organisation of the sales force The value of the sales force in any business organization is indispensable. The sales people play a critical role as they convince consumers to purchase products of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The organisation of the sales force specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is important to organize the sales force in a manner that supports an organization on various fronts. Specifically, the organization of the sales force should support the pursuit of an organisation’s goals. Structuring follows a well laid down strategy. The structuring of any department is done based on the strategies, objectives, and goals of an organization. Objectives of structuring include getting results from customers, developing new businesses, retaining or increasing current business and increasing customer loyalty. Primarily, sales strategies seek to present solutions to problems that arise from advertising, rei nforce the importance of advertising, creating product value, dominating the supply channels and embracing innovation (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). Sales management strategies differ depending on various circumstances. As an illustration, an organization may decide to use supply pricing vs. demand pricing. Alternatively, a differentiated or commodity approach may be used. Other approaches such as cross-platform versus single medium, innovative versus traditional, numbers-oriented versus results oriented, etc are used. The realization that a number of variables influence sales implies that structuring the sales departments is a complex task. Customer-Oriented sales force structure One approach that is useful in organizing sales people is based on customer orientation (Kleinman, 2009). This implies that organisations may decide to structure the sales force in a way that lays emphasis on the customer. In this regard, an organization may develop a product-oriented or customer-oriented s tructure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, an organization using this approach may organize the sales staff depending on the type of customers. In this scenario, an organization would have retail sales teams, agency sales teams, national sales teams, etc. Organizing the sales team by category is another form of customer-oriented structuring. As an illustration, magazines and newspaper sales departments are organized in terms of categories. More precisely, there are such categories as retail, automotive, jewellery, etc. However, in most cases, large sales departments are organized as verticals or categories. The advantage of using this structure lies on the notion that it enables the salespeople in each group to develop into experts in the respective categories. This structure allows the sales people to be more knowledgeable regarding customer businesses a nd more informed on trends in the industry. An organization’s compensation system influences the structuring of the sales teams into categories. By way of illustration, most organizations pay their sales staff by commission. The commissions are directly related to the volume of sales. It is thus evident that such a system rewards individual performance. Consequently, organizations that offer individual rewards do not encourage the use of category marketing. Category marketing is not preferred in organizations as some categories stand to benefit more than others as different products sell at different rates. The customer-oriented sales structure has a negative part as customers coming from different regions may force sales representatives to spend more resources and time travelling to meet. Product-Oriented sales force structure The products a firm deals in influences the organization of sales staff. By way of illustration, the nature of a product may force a radio network to have different sales teams. Such teams would include a daytime sales group, a prime sales group, a sports sales group, a late night sales group, etc. Regarding a newspaper network such as the Sunday Times, there are multiple products including the Sunday Times magazine and the Sunday paper, hence, the sales staff may be structured based on the product and later by category. Categories are determined based on the product teams.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The organisation of the sales force specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The span of control is an important factor that influences the structuring of sales teams. The span of control has six variables. The variables include sales manager experience, sales person experience, necessary interaction, sales person personality, job scope and task complexity (Ingram, 2008). In reference to the span of control, important questions centre on the number of people who report to a manager. In this regard, job complexity should be considered. Task complexity depends upon such factors as deal, number of categories and proximity of the customer. It is noticeable that some sales tasks are relatively simple as small transactions are involved, for example, transacting a classified advertisement is possibly handled using a telephone conversation. However transacting cross-platform deals is not easy. This view is held since the latter transaction demands more negotiation sessions while the former may not require more than one session. It is thus clear that the second deal requires more preparation. In addition, the location of customers influences the structuring of the sales force. As an illustration, if retailers are close to a newspaper office, then the sellers do not need to travel long distances. Apart from job complexity, job scope affects the structuring of the sales people. In regards to the scope of job, such aspects as the buying cycle, the nature of c ustomer and nature of product are examined. It is important to note that some sales tasks have a limited focus. Such seals as those involving radio advertising may require little preparation or none at all. On the other hand, other some sales may require cross-platform selling which may involve the use of several advertising media. These are sales tasks that have a higher level of complexity and require advanced preparations. It is thus evident that complex jobs demand extra work and may influence the structuring of sales people. This underscores the point that the more complex a product is, the more complex advertising is, and thus this affects the structure of the sales team. More precisely, complex sales require more support staff (Ingram, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regarding necessary interaction, it is worth noting that some jobs require minimum while other call for maximum attention. Sales work demand different levels of interaction between a sales representative and a manager. Some jobs may require constant contact while others do not. As an illustration, a sales representative dealing in a short business cycle where there are high-level negotiations, interaction with the manager is frequently done within short periods. Such would not be the case when a sales person is handling straightforward products that do not require negotiations (Ingram, 2008). The level of experience a sales person holds is crucial in the structuring of the sales force. Those people who have lengthy experience in sales do not need to keep constant contact with management regarding what to do. Thus, a sales executive dealing with experienced sales representatives are allowed a broader scope of control (Ingram, 2008). The approach is useful when dealing in products tha t are produced using sophisticated technologies. The structuring also depends on whether products are interrelated or not. Precisely, every sales team is assigned a responsibility of selling specific products. Geographic-oriented sales force structure The geographic-oriented sales approach presents another way of organizing the sales force within an organization. In this approach, an organization segments its target market into regions (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). After the segmentation, each region, district, country or any other geographical division is assigned a sales representative or a group of sales representatives. Dividing a market into regions and assigning the divisions to sales representatives is valuable as such helps in improving communication and interaction between organizations and sales representatives. Additionally, the notion that a sales representative is engaged within a specific region supports the view that costs are reduced since travelling is limited. It s hould also be noted that assigning specific people to deal with regions helps such personnel to understand the preferences of customers within the areas of operation. Such an understanding is invaluable since the sales people are able to convey the customer preferences and views to the producers. Based on the information gathered and forwarded to the management by the sales people, the organisations in question have the opportunity to respond by producing products that meet the customers’ specifications. In the process, an organisation benefits from increased sales. Despite the establishment above that organisations gain from geographic-based sales force, it is worth noting that disadvantages abound. As an example, it is difficult to have a homogenous group in any region. This implies that the demand for products in a region is never uniform since customers are spread across various classes. As such, using the geographic-based approach is not helpful in understanding the diff erent classes of consumers because the sales staff may be tempted to lump the consumers of a region into one group. Combination-based sales force structure The fourth approach to organizing the sales force is combination-based. Just as the name suggests, it is possible to put the three approaches together in order to help structure or restructure the sales force (Katzenbach and Smith, 2003). This approach is predominantly preferable in cases where organizations offer different products to various groups of people in a big region. Alternatively, the approach is useful when a business entity focuses on various customers or products within a specific location. By way of illustration, in a bid to underscore a product’s strategic value or to position the product strategically and avoid other products distracting the sales people, an organization should structure the sales force based on the particular product while sales groups of other products are organized bearing in mind the g eography. In embracing this approach, an organization stands a chance to avoid facing the disadvantages associated with the other three approaches. However, it is notable that this approach requires the recruitment of a big number of sales people and as such, the approach is suitable for large enterprises. Using a combination of the sales approaches is very important. Such an approach would ensure that all needs of the different customers are taken into consideration irrespective of the location. Important observations Central to the idea of organizing sales teams is the pursuit of organizational goals as indicated in the introductory part of the paper. This follows from the premise that the way an organization structures its sales force has a bearing on the performance of a business entity. It is expected that the right marketing structure is necessary if any a business is to realize its goals. Right from the initial stages, organizations focus on setting up their sales teams in a manner that is aimed at maximizing sales, improving customer experience and encouraging repeat purchases. Every important manager should take responsibility regarding the association between a consumer and the business. Towards achieving this goal, the manager makes an effort to ensure that customer concerns are addressed by keeping close contact. It would thus emerge based on this observation that the marketing arrangement is intended to foster customer contact and improve a business’ fortunes. It is noticeable that in small businesses, marketing is in most cases structured as a supportive service for sales. This implies that employees report to those individuals that head the sales department. This approach may work well although the marketing strategy is likely to suffer, as other activities involving market research are likely to be relegated to the periphery. However, by structuring an entity with combined sales personnel, a business is in a position to minimize such ris ks. The choice of the structure used in organizing the sales force lies with organizational managers. However, irrespective of the structure an organization chooses, the role of communication is important. This is because, feedback from customers is sought in order to improve services or products. In addition, market research is crucial as it facilitates gathering of competitor intelligence that is useful in helping the sales teams to hone their skills. Conclusion The sales management team is responsible for organizing the sales force. As this essay establishes, the management has the option of organizing the sales force geographically, based on the products sold, based on customer focus or combining these models. Using the geographical structuring approach, sales representatives occupy specific geographical divisions. Although, this approach is cheap as it lowers expenses, it may pose problems since geographical sales representatives do not have a good opportunity to understand ful ly all products offered. Secondly, the use of the product-based approach allows the structuring of a sales force based on special expertise. This approach is useful as it allows only specialized sales people to deal in certain products or respond to needs of special customers. Further, the approach facilitates learning and enables the sales personnel to develop their knowledge on the products in question. Using the customer-oriented approach, an organization gets the chance to align its sales with customer requirements. Based on the paper it emerges that each approach has its benefits and setbacks. In a bid to mitigate the drawbacks that characterize each approach, it is proposed that organizations consider using a combined approach to organizing the sales force. However, only big organizations have the necessary resources to use the combined approach and as thus, it may not be a solution to small organizations. Before choosing the model to embrace in business, it is important for a ny organisation to establish the goals it seeks to achieve. After taking the first step, it is valuable to align the structuring approach with the goals being pursued. Additionally, the size of the business and the costs likely to be incurred should be considered while making the choice of the right structure. As the paper establishes, each approach has its strengths and weaknesses and it is thus important to weigh them. In conclusion, taking the combined approach is preferable although the model may be out of reach for the small organisations. Reference List Ingram, T.N. et al. (2008). Sales Management: Analysis and Decision Making. Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York: M.E. Sharpe. Katzenbach, J.R. Smith, D.K. (2003). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kleinman, D. (2009). All Star Sales Teams: 8 Steps to Spectacular Success UsingGoals, Values, Vision, and Rewards: Easy Read Comfort. New York: Read.

The influence of marketing relationship implementation on a building Dissertation

The influence of marketing relationship implementation on a building long-term relationship with the customers - Dissertation Example Marketing relationship is a form of marketing derived from express response marketing campaigns and is found to concentrate on retaining and fulfilling customers as opposed to focusing on sales transactions for an organization’s growth. Research has shown that profit-making organizations are in a constant competition with one another for new customers while still aiming to keep their current clientele. They are additionally reported to be competing with one another for market leadership with a constant aim of increasing earnings through customer satisfaction. For the foregoing reasons, organizations alike need to build long-term customer relationships for their sustenance. This calls for a need to develop an effective implementation strategy for establishing enduring relationships. This can be achieved through maintaining a functional customer relationship management (CRM), which aims at building strong long-term relationships between the supplier and customer (Gordon, 1999). This research paper therefore attempts to study any influence that marketing relationship has in building a long-term customer relationship. The first chapter of this paper introduces the research problem while the second chapter presents a review of the related literature followed by the methodology chapter. While chapter four presents the results of the study, chapter five subsequently discusses these results. Finally, chapter six highlights the conclusions and recommendations to the research findings. Table of Contents Page Running Head 1 Abstract 2 Table of contents 3 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 5 1.1. Overview 5 1.2. Background Information 5 1.3. Significance of the Study 6 1.4. Problem Statement and Research questions 6 1.5. Objectives of the study 7 1.6. Research design 7 1.7. Chapter Summary 8 CHAPTER 2: Literature review 9 2.1. Introduction 9 2.2. Historical Overview and Current Findings 9 2.3. Developing a long-term customer Relationship 12 2.4. Marketing Relationship Implemen tation 14 2.5. Importance of Building Relationship with Customer 15 2.6. Chapter Summary 16 CHAPTER 3: Research methodologies 18 3.1. Introduction 18 3.2. Area of study 18 3.3. Research design 19 3.4. Target population 19 3.5. Sampling technique 20 3.6. Data collection 20 3.7. Data analysis 20 3.8. Reliability of the research 21 3.9. Ethical considerations 21 4.0. Chapter Summary 21 CHAPTER 4: Results 22 4.1. Introduction 22 4.2. Characteristics of Participants 22 4. 3. Analysis of the four themes 23 4.3.1. Theme one 23 4.3.2. Theme two 24 4.3.3. Theme three 24 4.3.4. Theme four 25 4.4. Chapter Summary 26 CHAPTER 5: Discussions 28 5.1. Introduction 28 5.2. Discussion of the results 28 5.3. Practical implications of this study 30 5.4. Chapter Summary 32 CHAPTER 6: Conclusions and Recommendations 33 6.1. Introduction 33 6.2. Implications for Policy 33 6.3. Limitations of the Study 34 6.4. Recommendations for future research 34 6.5. Concluding remarks 35 6.6. Chapter summary 36 REFEREN CES 37 APPENDICES 38 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Overview Marketing relationship is a form of marketing derived from express response marketing campaigns and is found to concentrate on retaining and fulfilling customers as opposed to focusing on sales transactions for an organization’s growth. In practice, marketing relationship is different from other forms of marketing because it recognizes long-term effects and/or importance of customer relationship (Buchanan & Gilles, 1990). Additionally, Gale & Chapman (1994) argue that marketing relationship goes beyond customer-supplier communication and encompasses invasive sales promotional messages to establishing long-lasting benefits for the entrepreneur and the customer. In the present age of globalization and information superhighway, marketing relationship is experiencing rapid evolution as witnessed by Kotler et al (1999). It is shown to be utilizing technology in opening more and more collaborative and social communication channels that create a more collaborative atmosphere. The current trend leans towards the use Information and Communications

Income Statement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Income Statement - Case Study Example Revenue recognition is a significant issue because it is among the principles outlined under the GAAP that are to be followed when recording financial statements. In the field of accounting, the preparation of financial statements is guided by a number of principles. One of the main principles of accounting is the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). GAAP outlines a series of principles including the principle of revenue recognition. It outlines that entities should record and recognize revenue when a product has been delivered or there is the completion of a service. This includes the entity not having any regard to the timing of cash flow from the operations of the organization. For instance, if a business makes an order of one hundred compact discs from their supplier during the month of January, receives them in February and make payments in March. The wholesaler should record revenue in the month of February when he made the delivery rather than in January when a bus iness deal was established or in March when payment for delivery was received (Porter and Norton, 2009). The matching principle requires that business entities match their expenses with related revenues during the same financial period. The principle is majorly applicable in the determination of income for a specific time period. This is because the measurement of income involves the matching of revenues earned and the expenses incurred in the process of earning revenues (Norton, Diamond and Pagach, 2006). The first step in recording income for a business involves the determination of revenue which is later on followed by the deduction of the expenses incurred in earning that revenue figure. This eventually results in the determination of the net income figure. The idea behind the concept of the matching principle is that there is a cause and effect relationship between revenues and expenses. For instance, sales are as a result of the cost of goods sold expense and sales commissions . Part II Apple Inc is a US based company that specializes in the design and marketing of consumer electronics, software and personal computers. The company is one of the best performing companies in the global business market. Philips on the other hand is a Dutch company that specializes in the manufacturing of electronics. The company has emerged to be one of the strongest electronic brands in the global market. I have two financial periods for the companies including 2010 and 2009. The financial statements for Apple Inc and Philips are located under the following links: Apple Inc. http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?symbol=AAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Qtr&symbol=US%3aAAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=CashFlow&stmtView=Ann&symbol=US%3aAAPL Philips http://www.philips.com/shared/assets/Downloadablefile/Investor/Annual_Report_Full_Eng lish_2009.pdf http://www.philips.com/shared/assets/Investor_relations/pdf/Annual_Report_English_2010.pdf Apple Inc and Philips follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles convention (GAAP) under their respective countries. Apple Inc prepares its financial statements on a basis that is consistent with the US GAAP whereas Philips prepares its fina

Texas Lottery and Education Funding Essay Example for Free

Texas Lottery and Education Funding Essay Texans believe that participating in the Texas Lottery helps the Texas Education Foundation but little do they know; how much money actually goes to the Texas Education Foundation. The effect of the Texas Lottery is causing more of a negative impact on Texans than the Education Foundation is benefiting. The Texas Lottery negatively impacts the people that play the lottery and the programs that are supposed to benefit from the proceeds. Because of the big dream of winning, the lottery has taken a toll on Texans. â€Å"People believe that the Texas Lottery is their only chance to strike it rich† (Buckland, 2010). There is not near enough money going towards the Texas Education Foundation. When the lottery first started, the Texas Education Foundation was promised to benefit much more than they are now. Since 1996, the money raised for the Texas Education Foundation paid for two weeks of schooling but today it has plummeted greatly to only paying close to three days of schooling (Dexheimer, 2010). The outcome of the lottery is not what was projected. The current cash flow does not match the projections for the education fund as when the lottery was first initiated. â€Å"Last year, the lottery sold nearly $700 million more tickets than in 1998 – and gave schools $160 million less† (Dexheimer, 2010). The Texas Lottery is negatively impacting the poor and uneducated population. The Texas Lottery demographic studies provide contradictory information concerning the games and the profits benefiting the Texas Education Foundation, and prey on the poor (Turner, 2012). Statistics show the difference in average money gambled between the educated and uneducated population. â€Å"College graduates spent a median ten dollars a month; those without high school diplomas, $25† (Turner, 2012). This research proves the negative social impact of the Texas Lottery. â€Å"In one of the most depressing, ever perpetuating social economic trends, new research from the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty shows that poor people continue to spend about nine percent of their annual income on lottery tickets† (Buckland, 2010). Texans believe that the Lottery is benefiting the Education Foundation but in reality the Texas Education Foundation is not receiving their fair share of proceeds. Therefore, the Texas Lottery advertisement has been misleading to the public. In a nut shell, the Texas Lottery is not delivering the benefits that were promised for Texans. According to the Texas Lottery in 1992, approximately 27 cents of every dollar the organization earned went to support Texas Education, but then in 1997, the Texas Legislature stepped in and made a difference by dedicating Texas Lottery Funds to the Texas Foundation School Fund and the Texas Lottery funded 13 billion dollars just within that year of change. (Hood,2011). History In 1991, before the lottery was approved by Governor Ann Richards in a televised address, she told voters that they had to choose between a huge tax bill or the lottery, if they wanted good schools. Then The Robin Hood Plan was proposed in 1993. This plan was endorsed by the State to offer court mandated fair school funding for the schools in district. Similar to the tale of Robin Hood, the law collected property tax money from wealthy schools and redistributed the funding to poor schools attempting to balance all school districts in Texas. This plan ended up falling through because the Texas Supreme Court found that the majority of school districts were being taxed the maximum rate, which the Texas Constitution prohibits.(Heines and Tinsley, 1997). In 1997, the lottery funds were placed in a general fund that was distributed to public education, health, public safety and human services. â€Å"There is no question that the Texas Lottery is the most successful state lottery in the co untry and is contributing more than a billion dollars a year to state coffers† (Heines Tinsley 1997). This was the year where the State Representative Richard Raymond and D Benavides law makers believed that the lottery funds should be dedicated to education. Texans voted for a constitutional amendment that allowed funds of the lottery to be dedicated to education funding. But the Texas Legislature examined Lottery funds of other states including California and Florida who had dedicated lottery money to the education and discovered that these states had less money for education. Critics from this era believed that states without lotteries collected fewer taxes than the states with lotteries. (Heines Tinsley 1997). In 2009, a great amount of the stimulus funds were designated for education spending. The 91 billion dollars that was supported by this fund did not cover the total federal spending on education of the years 2008 to 2009 which summed up to be 667 billion dollars. An estimation of 570 billion dollars was not supported by the total education bill of federal spending. It costs an estimated 35 billion dollars to cover kindergarten through twelfth grade on a yearly basis. (Voice,2011). â€Å"Texas law says lottery proceeds are supposed to go toward education† (Oberg 2011). The lottery has only given one billion dollars every year to Texas Schools since 1998, but since lottery sales have become greater, the lottery has not been giving more money to the Texas schools. Even with the lottery earnings increasing the amount of money applied towards the Education Fund has not shown the difference of cash increase. One of the reasons why education is not benefiting is because the Lottery Managers are making the jackpots too large. So much so it is more than they can manage to afford. Sixty-two percent of money raised by the Lottery pays for the winners’ prizes. They also have to use ten percent of the money to run the lottery’s game and use more expenses to maintain the lottery program. After all of the money already mentioned is paid out, the little bit of money that is left is given to the Education Fund. (Work, 2011). In the years that the Texas Lottery has been contributing to the Education Fund, studies now show the truth on really how much is actually funding the schools. People can now be more informed on how the lottery distributes their funds and have an understanding of how much taxes public schools are being funded. With the Texas Lottery being in affect for many years it will never catch up to the economic growth of school finances. With each year school finances increases; the lottery should consider matching the percentage rate of education funding distributed from the lottery. If they cannot match the financial increases then the Texas Lottery should not be supported by Texans. As a result, The Texas Lottery has become a negative impact on the poor and uneducated and has not provided the dividends that were expected for all Texans. References Buckland, Jason. â€Å"How Lottery Tickets Ravage Low Income Families,† MSN MONEY, May 28, 2010. http://www.everydaymoney.ca/2010/05/how-lottery-tickets-ravage-lowincome-families.html Dexheimer, Eric. â€Å"A Different Game than State was Sold Two Decades Ago,† AMERICAN STATESMAN-STAFF, September 7, 2010. http://www.statesman.com/news/news/state-regional-govt-politics/texas-lottery-a-different-game-than-state-was-so-1/nRxZd/\ Heines, Vivienne and Tinsley, Anna M. â€Å" Most Texans think lottery is good way for state to raise money† Harte-Hanks Communications, February 24, 1997. http://www.texnews.com/texas97/texpoll022497.html Hood, Rebecca. â€Å"I Wonder: Texas Lottery and Education,† KVUE.COM, April 4, 2011. http://www.kvue.com/news/local/I-Wonder-Texas-Lottery-and-education-119036764.html Oberg, Ted. â€Å"How Much of your Lottery ticket is helping education† ABC 13 News, May 18, 2011. http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/in_focusid=8136388 Turner, Allan. â€Å"Texas Lottery Proved Popular Last Year,† HOUSTON CHRONICLE, January 18, 2012. http://www.chron.com/news/texas-lottery/article/Texas-Lottery-proved-popular-last-year-2591258.php Voice â€Å"Getting Educated† The Daily Hurricane, March 28,2011. http://dailyhurricane.com/2011/03/gambling-with-our-chidrens-education-and-our-future.html Work, Ann. â€Å"Schools get $1 billion from lottery† Times Record News, April 28,2011 http://www.timesrecordnews.com/news/2011/apr/28/schools-get-1-billion-from-lottery/?print=1. Bibliography BUCKLAND, JASON. â€Å"How Lottery Tickets Ravage Low Income Families,† MSN MONEY, May 28, 2010. http://www.everydaymoney.ca. (11/19/2012). DEXHEIMER, ERIC. â€Å"A Different Game than State was Sold Two Decades Ago,† AMERICAN STATESMAN-STAFF, September 7, 2010. http//www.statesman.com. (11/19/2012). HEINES, VIVIENNE and TINSLEY M. ANNA. â€Å"Most Texans Think Lottery is Good Way for State to Raise Money† HARTE-HANKS COMMUNICATIONS, February 24,1997. http://www.texnews.com. (11/19/2012) HOOD, REBECCA. â€Å"I Wonder: Texas Lottery and Education,† KVUE.COM, April 4, 2011. http://www.kvue.com. (11/19/2012). OBERG,TED. â€Å"How Much of Your Lottery Ticket is Helping Education,† ABC 13 NEWS, May, 18, 2011. http://abclocal.go.com. (11/19/2012). TURNER, ALLAN. â€Å"Texas Lottery Proved Popular Last Year,† HOUSTON CHRONICLE, January 18, 2012. http://www.chron.com.(11/19/2012). VOICE. â€Å"Getting Educated,† THE DAILY HURRICANE, March 28,2011. http://dailyhurricane.com. (11/19/2012). WORK, ANN. â€Å"Schools Get $1 Billion from Lottery,† TIMES RECORD NEWS, April 28, 2011. http://www.timesrecordnews.com. (11/19/2012) Work Cited 1.Jason Buckland. â€Å"How Lottery Tickets Ravage Low Income Families,† MSN MONEY, May 28, 2010. 2. Eric Dexheimer. â€Å"A Different Game than State was Sold Two Decades Ago,† AMERICAN STATESMAN-STAFF, September 7, 2010. 3.Eric Dexheimer, Pg. 1. 4.Allan Turner. â€Å"Texas Lottery Proved Popular Last Year,† HOUSTON CHRONICLE, January 18, 2012. 5. Allan Turner, Pg. 1. 6. Jason Buckland. Pg.1. 7.Rebecca Hood. â€Å"I Wonder: Texas Lottery and Education,† KVUE.COM, April 4, 2011. 8. Vivienne Heines and Anna M. Tinsley â€Å" Most Texans Think Lottery is Good Way for State to Raise Money† HARTE-HANKS COMMUNICATIONS, February 24, 1997. 9. Voice â€Å"Getting Educated† THE DAILY HURRICANE, March 28,2011. 10. Vivienne Heines and Anna M. Tinsley, Pg. 1. 11. Voice, Pg. 1. 12. Ted Oberg â€Å"How Much of your Lottery ticket is helping education† ABC 13 News, May 18, 2011. 13. Ann Work â€Å"Schools get $1 billion from lottery† Times Record News, April 28,2011.

A Character Sketch Of Joe Gargery :: essays research papers

A Character Sketch of Joe Gargery Joe Gargery might not be the smartest or wisest of Dickens' characters, but he is definitely one of the kindest and most humane. Although Miss Havisham gets much attention for being different, I think that you will soon be convinced that Joe, however simple he may be, is definitely a unique character. It is my opinion that Dickens made an effort to raise the readers respect for Joe by the sharp contrast between him and his wife. Three qualities belonging to Joe are his affectionate nature, pride, and his perseverance. When Joe asks Mrs. Gargery to marry him, he especially insists that she bring her young orphaned brother, Pip, to live with them. Joe never reminds Pip of this fact, except when telling Pip how much he thinks of him. Mrs. Gargery, on the other hand, is constantly reminding Pip to be thankful of her "raising him by hand". At one point, Pip decides he will teach Joe to read. Although Joe has no real aspiration for this, he humors Pip and lets the boy instruct him. As mentioned before, Mrs. Gargery is a very cruel person. One would think living with her would drive even a saint to kill. Even so, Joe never says a harsh word about his wife and treats her with the utmost respect. Pip's decision to go to London has a greater impact than most readers think. Not only was Joe losing a set of hands around the forge, but he was also saying farewell to a boy who must have been like a son to him. Joe knew that once Pip left they would never have the same relationship. It was clear to Joe that this was Pip's dream, so not once did he question the decision Pip had made. When Pip is asked to come to Miss Havisham's and "play", Mrs. Gargery and Pumblechook are driven crazy wondering what gift she will give Pip for his service. Joe, on the other hand, pays no attention to their high hopes. His pride is also evident when he turns down the money Jaggers offers him for Pip's indentures. It is not that Joe couldn't use the money, after all he is losing Pip's help in the forge and his wife is bedridden. Joe proves to be a man of great perseverance. He manages to run a smithy, be married to a wife with a temper that makes a rabid dog seem tame, and

Redevelopment of Salford Quays

In the 19th century the city of Manchester was at the heart of the industrial revolution; it was a thriving port and the centre of Lancashire's textile industry. Yet, by 1950 business had declined to an all-time low. The canal journey had become too slow and therefore uneconomical for factories and companies. The port could no longer respond to the pressures placed on it by the changes in technology. The docks lay neglected and derelict. Vandalism and crime rates were high, as was unemployment (the city had depended on the docks for jobs). However, with the help of government funding, grants and publicity the city began to address its social, economic and physical problems resulting from past industrial decline. In 1985 Salford began its huge re-development scheme, construction continued up until 1993 and now is a perfect example of successful inner-city redevelopment. All the decisions that were made were complex and had to consider what land uses were to be located where and how much land to devote to each competing demand or problem. The construction work alone provided around four hundred jobs, and the area now provides employment for over 6,000 people, leading to the fastest drop in unemployment ever within the Greater Manchester area. Community Schemes have been aimed at improving the quality of schools has kept the youth unemployment rates low. The new Heritage Centre also provides an educational service to schools, colleges and the public. Primary school pupils through to university students use Salford Quays for learning purposes. Salford Quays has addressed other problems too such as vandalism, crime rates, poverty and the lack of investment and funding in Greater Manchester. Organizations such as the New Deal for Communities programme and other funding (over i100 million in lottery funding has been invested) based in Salford Quays have worked at putting money back into the Greater Manchester community. The Salford Partnership also launched a community plan; all of which demonstrates a commitment to working to achieve change. Plans such as these have improved living conditions and lead to a drop in poverty rates. To keep investment into the area high, over 300,000 feet of office space was built attracting companies into the area. Well known companies such as Kellogg's, Rank Hovis, Ford Trucks and Konica all have offices in Salford Quays. Facilities at such buildings as the MGM Cannon cinema and Copthorne Hotel, because of their location, car parking and accessibility attract people from the local area as well as other parts of Greater Manchester. In addition, a high of local pride has been generated that, together with higher income (due to greater employment) and places to go, has lead to a reduction in vandalism and crime. Easy access to Salford Quays via a Metro link, as well as entrances to the region's motorways, railways and the city centre of Manchester has resulted in a rise of tourism. Places such as the Lowry Museum, the Imperial War Museum North, as well as the overall design of the area attract large numbers of visitors every year. This has increased the amount of money that has been invested into the area. The redevelopment has made Salford Quays an attractive place to visit, work and live; it has also been a model for other cities to follow. The social and economic benefits have been felt throughout Greater Manchester and the North West.

A Framework Of Duties And Responsibilities Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2355 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? An organization structure is a set of planned relationships between groups of related functions and between physical factors and personnel required for the performance of the functions. The organization structure is generally shown on an organization chart. It shows authority and responsibility relationships between various positions in the enterprise by showing who reports to whom. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Framework Of Duties And Responsibilities Business Essay" essay for you Create order Organization structure lays down the pattern of communication and coordination in the enterprise. Though organization structure is very important, it is not an end in itself. According to Peter.F.Drucker, Organization is not an end in itself, but means to the end of business performance and business results. Organization structure is an indispensable means; and the wrong structure will seriously impair business performance and may even destroy it. Organization structure must be designed so as to make possible the attainment of the objectives of the business for five, ten, fifteen years hence Importance of organization structure: Sound organization structure can contribute greatly to the survival continuity and stability of the enterprise. The need and the importance of organizing and the organistaional structure can be understood more precisely on the basis if the following points: Facilitates Administration Sound organization helps in the performance of management functions like planning, staffing, directing and controlling. Inadequate organization may result in duplication of work and efforts and some of the important operations may be left out. Sound organization facilitates the performance of various managerial functions by division of labor, consistent delegation or job definition and clarity of authority and responsibility relationship. Promoters Growth and diversification Sound organization designed in scientific principles can create conditions conducive to planned expansion and diversification of the activities of the enterprise. It can help in keeping the various activities under control and increase the capacity of the enterprise to undertake more activities. Coordination Organization is an important means of bringing coordination among the various departments of the enterprise. It creates clear-cut relationship between the departments and helps in laying down balanced emphasis in various activities. It also provides for the channels of communication for the coordination of the activities of different departments. Optimum use of technological innovation A sound organization structure is flexible to give adequate scope for the improvement in technology. It facilitates introducing changes in the enterprise by modifying the authority and responsibility relationship in the wake of new developments. Optimum use of Human Resources Sound organization matches the jobs with the individuals and vive-versa. It ensures that every individual is placed on the job for which he is best suited. This helps in the better use of individuals working in the enterprise. Stimulates Creative Thinking An organizational structure based on clear-cut demarcation of authority, higher range of responsibility, discretionary freedom granted to personnel, incentives offered for specialized work, etc. will certainly foster the spirit of constructive and creative thinking. Such an atmosphere will give an opportunity for the staff to display their hidden creative talents which in turn will lift enterprise to achieve higher goals of business. Training and Development An effective organization facilitates delegation of authority which is an important device for training and developing the personnel. Delegation of authority is also an important means of directing the subordinates. It prepares them to take more responsibilities whenever need arises. Determinants of organizational structure Organization structure provides a basis or framework within which managers and non-managerial employees perform the joins assigned to them. In other words, organization structure may be considered as the core element around which various functions are performed and several processes operate. The stricture of organization is consciously designed by the management. However, in designing the structure the following factors are to be considered: Objectives and Strategy Design of structure begins with the identification of organizational objectives. There is a way of designing what the main structure of the organization should be, without an understanding of what the organization is for and what it is trying to achieve. Environment Organization is a system and every system has its boundaries. Beyond the boundaries there exists external environment which affects not only the foundation and functioning of the organization but also is structure. Technology An organization is a socio technical system. Technological aspect which refers to the manner in which various activities will be performed is an important part of organizational structure. People Organizations are formed by and operated through people. Large number of people are employed for both managerial and non managerial jobs and various activities are assigned to them and finally they put in authority relationships. Size There are several criteria to determine size of an organsiation such as number of persons employed, amount of capital invested, volume of turnover, and physical capacity. Forms of organization on authority relationships are: Line organization Line and Staff organization Functional organization Forms of organizational structure Functional structure In a functional structure activities are grouped and departments are creates on the basis of specified functions to be performed. Activities related to a function are grouped in a single unit with a view to give a well defined direction to the whole group. For instance, in an industrial enterprise, the major functions like production, finance, marketing, personnel may be grouped into different departments as shown in the figure. Managing Director Personnel manager Marketing manager Production manager Finance manager Advertising Customer service Sales Marketing researchThis type of structure is highly suitable for an enterprise engaged in production and distribution of a single product or a small number of products. It is very useful where it is desired to introduce specialization in the performance of various functions like production, finance, marketing, etc. But where it is required to handle multiple products, functional organization may prove to be insufficient. Divisional structure It is formed by crating a set of autonomous units or divisions which are coordinated by the central headquarters. For example, a company may have three divisions to manage textiles, cement and shipping. But to coordinate their functioning, certain essential services such as Corporate Planning, Finance, Legal and Research and Development are organized at the headquarters as shown in the figure. This structure is popular with giant firms dealing in multiple products and operating in different geographical regions. The products are often unrelated and require different emphasis on different functions. And the territories served by the firm have their unique problems Company Headquarters Research and Development Legal Finance Corporate planning Textiles division Cement Division Shipping Division Finance Marketing Finance Marketing Production Production Customer Based Structure Departmentation by customers may be followed in enterprises engaged in providing specialized services to different classes of customers. Under this, customers are guide for grouping the activities. The management groups the activities on t he basis to cater to the requirements of clearly defined customer groups. For instance, a big automobile servicing enterprise may organize its departments as follows: heavy vehicle servicing division, car servicing division, and scooter servicing division. Many educational institutions follow this type of deparmentation. They offer day courses, evening courses and correspondence coursed to meet the requirements of different types of students. Similarly, a commercial organization may be divided into wholesale, retail and export departments as shown in the figure. Company headquarters Research and development Corporate planning Finance Retail division Marketing Wholesale division Export division Example of Coca-Cola: Coca-ColaÂÂ  is aÂÂ  carbonatedÂÂ   drink sold in stores, restaurants, andÂÂ  vending machinesÂÂ  in more than 200 countries. It is produced byÂÂ  The Coca-Cola CompanyÂÂ  ofÂÂ  Atlanta,ÂÂ  Georgia, and is often referred to simply asÂÂ  CokeÂÂ  (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as aÂÂ  patent medicineÂÂ  when it was invented in the late 19th century , Coca-Cola was bought out by businessmanÂÂ  Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company producesÂÂ  concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottler s then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers includeÂÂ  Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate forÂÂ  soda fountainsÂÂ  to major restaurants andÂÂ  food serviceÂÂ  distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these isÂÂ  Diet Coke, with others includingÂÂ  Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free,ÂÂ  Coca-Cola Cherry,ÂÂ  Coca-Cola Zero,ÂÂ  Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or coffee. Since Coca-Cola is the leading soft drink brand it has to serve a large market. Coke was previously using a simple functional structure which wa not so effective to meet the increasing demand. Like any other company it started off on a small scale and then became the m asters of the beverage industry. It has long chains spread all over the world. The Coca-Cola realizes that it needs to be able to meet the ever changing demands of its customers. This is why the company pushed towards decentralization in the nineties, and even more so recently. The organization has two operating groups called Bottling Investments and Corporate. There are also operating groups divided by different regions such as: Africa, Eurasia, European Union, Latin America, North America and Pacific. Each of these divisions is again divided in geographical regions. By allowing decisions to be made on a more local level, the organization can quickly respond to the changing market demands, and the higher level management can focus more on long term planning. Certain divisions of the company like Finance, human resource, marketing, innovation and strategy and planning are centrally located within the corporate division of the company. Some of these functions takes place at lower levels in each of the regions of the company; however most of the decisions are made at the top of the hierarchy. For example in 2002 the decision to sponsor the world cup was done at the corporate level. Corporate headquarters, however, allowed the local divisions to make the advertising decisions. The Coca-Cola Company currently employs approximately 94,800 employees. According to aÂÂ  general organizational chart obtained from theÂÂ  companys website, there areÂÂ  more than 5hierarchical levels at the corporate level. For example: the head of the Canadian division reports to the president and COO of the North American Group. That president reports to the CFO, who reports to the Office of the General Counsel. The General Counsel then reports to the CEO. It is fair to assume that there are at least a few more steps in the hierarchy at the local level. Due toÂÂ  its tallÂÂ  structure, theÂÂ  organization hasÂÂ  experienced communication probl ems.ÂÂ  One ofÂÂ  the problems discovered through a survey, was that the people and the company lacked clear goals. Tall hierarchies also cause motivation problems, which is why the organization is attempting to get employees more engaged. The increased usefulness of the companys intranet will greatly increase the communication between every level of employees, and allow upper management to effectively communicate to the front line employees The Coca-Cola Company realizes that a divisional structure gives the organization the best opportunity to react to the changes in its uncertain environment, but also allow it to maintain a level of stability. The multidivisional structure is beneficial for the organization for a variety of reasons. The division basedÂÂ  on geographic region allows certain aspects ofÂÂ  the companys operations to beÂÂ  tailoredÂÂ  toÂÂ  theÂÂ  individualÂÂ  market.ÂÂ  One advertisingÂÂ  campaignÂÂ  orÂÂ  sloganÂÂ  may notÂÂ  be appropriate for another market, so decisions about specific ads are made closer to the individual markets.ÂÂ  Multidivisional structures allowÂÂ  divisional managersÂÂ  toÂÂ  handleÂÂ  daily operations while corporate managers are free to focus on long-term planning There are also problems associated with this type of structure. If the company creates divisional competition, coordination may decrease because each division wants to have an advantage over everyone else. Communication problems may also exist because information can become distorted when it has to travel up and down tall hierarchies. A Multidivisional matrix structure may be better suited for Coca-Cola Company. This would increase coordination between corporate and divisional levels, and managers at each level would work together to create solution to problems. While such a structure may be too complex for a global organization, the company may wa nt to look into it. The following steps can be adopted to make better organizational structure for the company : Identify business conditions that cause operational problems due to your current organizational structure by distributing an employee survey to gather input and suggestions from the people experiencing challenges. Identify current roles and responsibilities to assess your organizations ability to deliver on commitments and set expectations accordingly. For example, if you determine your development team is also responsible for providing customer support, you must prioritize activities so that project milestones and customer service level agreements are both met. Analyze employee feedback to identify gaps in the organizational structure that prevent effective work flow. For example, employees may lack training on the use of new equipment, software or procedures. Poor organizational structure can prevent employees from describing their operational needs effectiv ely. Once you have identified these gaps, you can respond by proposing possible alternatives to your executive management team. Focus your organization on a common vision and strategic goals. Implement business processes that support these goals to compensate for the poor organizational structure. Align all work to your companys strategic goals, rather than the organizational structure. When tasks align to your companys goals, increased productivity and reduced waste leads to better financial performance for the company as a whole. Ensure employees have clear performance goals and development plans in place. When people understand their responsibilities, they are more likely to express commitment and loyalty to the company mission. Monitor your new processes and improve them as directed by employee (and customer) input. Adjust your organizational structure to reflect the best way to achieve business goals. Establishing a flat hierarchy (one without too many levels), d ecentralized reporting, shared responsibilities and open communication that enables employees to respond rapidly to situations tends to yield the best results.